Religious leaders have recently noticed a subtle change in the wording of announcements on the subject of religious freedom coming from the Obama Administration. Even though President Obama specifically mentioned “religious freedom” when he addressed the Muslim world in Cairo in June 2009, since then both Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton have increasingly used the phrase “freedom of worship” (http://bit.ly/bfhwmj).
This may be merely a stylistic change rather than a change policy, but many are concerned because, while they sound similar, the two phrases mean very different things. Religion refers to a set of beliefs and practices. Worship is merely one aspect of religion.
As an example, many authoritarian countries have freedom of worship, but not freedom of religion. A friend who grew up as a Baptist in Romania under the dictatorial communist regime of Nicolae Ceausecu had the freedom to worship, but he did not enjoy true freedom of religion. His career prospects were limited because of religious association. There was no freedom of conscience, there was no freedom to protest or lobby for religious reforms, and there was no freedom to spread the Gospel, a fundamental tenet of Christianity. Ultimately, he fled Romania for the United States where he could be free, not only to worship, but to fully practice his religion.
As Chuck Colson points out, if religious freedom is the same as the freedom of worship, then Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia also have religious freedom since the king allows private religious services (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROmD64hrv9c). In reality, Saudi Arabia does not have religious freedom since non-Muslims are not allowed to proselytize, Muslims are not allowed to convert to other religions, and Bibles are not permitted at all (http://bit.ly/bXKvNs).
One reason that many observers are concerned about the administration’s choice of words is that religious freedom conflicts with another of Obama’s priorities: gay rights. Secretary Clinton hinted at this priority in a December 14, 2009 speech on human rights at Georgetown University in which she said that people “must be free to worship, associate, and to love in the way that they choose” (http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2009a/12/133544.htm).
One of President Obama’s appointees, Chai Feldblum, illustrates why people are right to be worried. Feldblum, an openly lesbian law professor at Georgetown University, was a recess appointment by President Obama to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) on March 27, 2010. Feldblum has said that when it comes to a conflict between religious liberty and gay rights, “I’m having a hard time coming up with any case in which religious liberty should win.” She continues, “Sexual liberty should win in most cases. There can be a conflict between religious liberty and sexual liberty, but in almost all cases the sexual liberty should win because that’s the only way that the dignity of gay people can be affirmed in any realistic manner” (http://bit.ly/bjsTLd). This is very troubling coming from a former law professor who is now ruling on discriminatory hiring practices!
Religion and gay rights have led to numerous legal conflicts in recent years. One current case in our own backyard involves Jennifer Keeton, a graduate counseling student at Augusta State University. Keeton had stated in classroom discussions that she believed that sexual behavior “is the result of accountable personal choice” and not a “state of being” (http://bit.ly/cfQKGP). She also stated her belief that gender is assigned at birth and is not a matter of choice or a social construct. Another student accused her of advocating “conversion therapy” for homosexuals in a conversation outside the classroom. She denied the charge although she freely admits to discussing Christianity and sexual ethics.
According to a lawsuit filed on her behalf by the Alliance Defense Fund (alliancedefensefund.org), Augusta State told Keeton that her behavior and beliefs were in violation of the American Counseling Association and the American School Counselor Association. The school threatened to dismiss (expel) her unless she satisfactorily completed a remediation (in this case re-education) program including attendance at three workshops on sensitivity training, reading ten articles on gay counseling, increasing her exposure and interaction with gays (for example, by “attending the Gay Pride Parade in Augusta” (http://www.telladf.org/userdocs/KeetonComplaint.pdf), and writing a monthly two-page report on how “her study has influenced her beliefs.”
The ADF filed the suit on July 21, 2010 and the case is pending. The school responded with a written statement that says “no student is asked to change their religious beliefs or views in order to participate in any program” (http://bit.ly/cXetBM). In reality, it appears that Keeton was singled out for her beliefs, not because she took any discriminatory action or harassed any gay students. The teachers indicated that they wanted to change her beliefs through their remediation plan. The case is reminiscent of Orwellian “thought crimes.”
Keeton’s beliefs are consistent with mainstream Christianity as well as most other major religions. Additionally, most Americans, as well as most Georgians likely hold similar beliefs to Keeton. For example, in 2004, 76% of Georgians voted in favor of a constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage and civil unions (http://bit.ly/bPqIGj). In most other states where the people have been allowed to vote, there have been similar results. Keeton’s views are hardly outside the mainstream of American thought.
There have been numerous similar cases in recent years with respect to both homosexuality and abortion. In both issues, many people oppose the politically correct position because it conflicts with their religious beliefs (although many nonreligious people oppose abortion and homosexuality on other grounds as well). Many of these cases are profiled on the ADF website (http://alliancedefensefund.org/actions/Default.aspx).
In one recent high profile case, the Supreme Court ruled that the Christian Legal Society at the University of California’s Hastings College of Law can be required by the school to open its leadership positions too students who disagree with its statement of faith. In other words, the society has to accept students who may very well be trying to take control of the group in order to subvert it. The ruling came in spite of the fact that the “all comers” policy at Hastings was not applied to other student groups.
Even though many of the cases revolve around persecution of Christians for their beliefs about abortion and homosexuality, the real issue is religious freedom. The Constitution guarantees the right to be free from government interference with one’s religious beliefs. At issue is the right to disagree with government mandates, many times misapplied or not even coded in law, that are at odds with religious freedom. The current liberal push which requires not only tolerance but forced affirmation of the morality of homosexuality and abortion puts the Democrats on a collision course with the first amendment’s guarantee of religious liberty.
Sources:
http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/undergod/2010/02/whats_the_difference_between_freedom_of_religion_and_freedom_of_worship.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia
http://www.christianpost.com/article/20070810/bibles-crucifixes-not-allowed-into-saudi-arabia/index.html
http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2009a/12/133544.htm
http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/191kgwgh.asp?page=4
http://www.whorunsgov.com/Profiles/Chai_R._Feldblum
http://chronicle.com/article/Augusta-State-U-Is-Accused-of/123650/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/26/jennifer-keeton-lawsuit-a_n_659274.html
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/jul/26/lawsuit-claims-school-bias-on-christian-views/
Click to access KeetonComplaint.pdf
http://www.alliancedefensefund.org/news/pressrelease.aspx?cid=5346
http://www2.wjbf.com/news/2010/jul/28/augusta-state-responds-high-profile-lawsuit-ar-635776/
http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2010/juneweb-only/36-11.0.html
http://www.scotuswiki.com/index.php?title=Christian_Legal_Society_v._Martinez
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_legislation_in_the_United_States
Houston TX
July 31, 2010
Photo credit:
renjith krishnan
http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view_photog.php?photogid=721
Tags: freedom, gay, homosexual, human rights, obama, religion, sex
CaptainKudzu 
August 1, 2010 at 2:59 pm |
A thoughtful and rational essay, good sir. I offer some food for thought in return. My background includes direct experience with the Dept of Labor, EEOC and regulations thereof.
The oozing of American legal mindsets towards “thought crimes” is insidious and ongoing. “Hate” crimes legislation is changing both the criminal and civil landscape. It is, however, a valid response to the previous status quo, that being the group in power having sole authority to make decisions about hiring, spending, the whole social gamut, based on whether or not a person or group is a member of the group wielding the power.
That is what’s missing from many discussions about discrimination, and it is missing from your essay as well. We must address current concerns, we must not go overboard to another extreme, and whatever else transpires we must stay aware of where it all started. Actual discrimination to the detriment and injury of minority (and in the case of women, majority and powerless) persons went on for decades, unchecked, obvious to any who cared to look for it. You can’t point at improvements and say “see, all fixed” when your pointing finger is a de facto pointing away from the proof that no, it is not fixed yet.
I place this last, because I’m not here to be provocative. I do consider it a valid question and challenge:
How do you respond to Christian groups who show up at publicly-accessible Pagan ritual gatherings with the sole purpose of disrupting them? I would extend that to vandalism as well, but that is thankfully less common than in previous years. That is my view of freedom of religion in the US, and my test of its equal application to all, Christian and non-Christian alike.
August 1, 2010 at 3:34 pm |
Thanks for the comment.
My problem with hate crimes legislation is that it creates two classes of victims. The acts of violence are already against the law regardless of whether perpetrator or victim is a member of a minority group. Why is a murder worse if a white kills a black? Is it equally bad if a black kills a white? How about black on black crime which is even more prevalent? Hate crimes legislation seems to be a violation of the Constitution’s equal protection clause as well as an attempt to chill free speech.
With respect to the “group in power,” I think that it is a mistake to assume that racial, religious, ethnic, etc. groups all think the same way and vote as a bloc. The only group in power is the political party in control at the time. Even in the era of slavery, not all whites agreed that slavery was moral and beneficial.
I’m not aware of Christian groups disrupting pagan gatherings, but I would hope that true Christians would behave themselves better than that.
August 1, 2010 at 4:15 pm
I need to clarify that the “group in power” I see in US (and most of the world) history is those with money. They come in political, ethnic, religious and aristocratic “flavors”, but they all have that in common: Economic control over the rest. It is true that attempts to point to those “flavors” as the primary definition is too often mistaken, if not outright wrong.
We are very much in agreement on the principles. Just so you know, I found your blog because we share the WordPress “space”. I am one of several blog authors at aleksandreia.wordpress.com.
The “disruption” comment I made was probably inappropriate here. Thank you for responding civilly anyway. I do believe it to be relevant, because too many Christians of my acquaintance seem to believe that religious freedom means being free to impose their beliefs on others. How that fits into the “true Christian” argument is an ongoing debate between them and me. If that issue is outside your experience, then you are certainly not expected to want to comment on it.
Be well, and I hope we have cause to discuss other topics.
September 20, 2010 at 6:03 pm |
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